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Title: Notes Basic hypertension Meaning
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Notes Basic hypertension Meaning

Summary Types hypertension Terminology

High blood pressure, rarely has noticeable indication. But if untreated, it increase your risk of serious problems such as heart attacks and strokes.

Around a third of adults in the UK have hypertension, although many will not realise it.

The only way to find out if your blood pressure is high is to have your blood pressure checked.

What is hypertension?
Blood pressure is recorded with 2 numbers. The systolic pressure (higher number) is the force at which your heart pumps blood around your body.

The diastolic pressure (lower number) is the resistance to the blood flow in the blood vessels.

They're both measured in millimetres of mercury (mmHg).

As a general guide:

hypertension is considered to be 140/90mmHg or higher (or 150/90mmHg or higher if you're over the age of 80).
ideal blood pressure is usually considered to be between 90/60mmHg and 120/80mmHg.
Blood pressure readings between 120/80mmHg and 140/90mmHg could mean you're at risk of developing hypertension if you do not take steps to keep your blood pressure under control.

Everyone's blood pressure will be slightly different. What's considered low or high for you may be normal for someone else.

Don't know your blood pressure?

Risks of hypertension.
If your blood pressure is too high, it puts extra strain on your blood vessels, heart and other organs, such as the brain, kidneys and eyes.

Persistent hypertension can expand your chance of a number of serious and potentially life-threatening health conditions, such as:

heart disease.
heart attacks.
strokes.
heart failure.
peripheral arterial disease.
aortic aneurysms.
kidney disease.
vascular dementia.

If you have High blood pressure, reducing it even a small amount can help lower your chance of these health conditions.

test your blood pressure.
The only way of knowing whether you have hypertension is to have a blood pressure test.

All adults over 40 are advised to have their blood pressure checked at least every 5 years.

Getting this done is easy and could save your life.

You can get your blood pressure tested at a number of places, including:

at your GP surgery.
at some pharmacies.
as part of your NHS Health Check.
in some workplaces.
You can also audit your blood pressure yourself with a home blood pressure monitor.

Find out more about getting a blood pressure test.

Causes of High blood pressure.
It's not always clear what causes hypertensione, but certain things can extend your chance.

You're at an increased risk of High blood pressure if you:

are over the age of 65.
are overweight.
are of African or Caribbean descent.
have a relative with hypertension.
eat too much salt and do not eat enough fruit and vegetables.
do not do enough exercise.
drink too much alcohol or coffee (or other caffeine-based drinks).
smoke.
do not get much sleep or have disturbed sleep.
Making healthy lifestyle changes can help cut down your chances of getting hypertension and help cut back your blood pressure if it's already high.

Cure for High blood pressure.
Doctors can help you keep your blood pressure to a safe level using:

lifestyle changes.
medicament.
What works best is different for each person.

Talk to your doctor to help you decide about Treatment.

This patient decision aid (PDF, 132kb) can also help you to understand your medication options.

Lifestyle changes to reduce blood pressure.
These lifestyle changes can help prevent and cut back hypertension:

cut back the amount of salt you eat and have a generally healthy diet.
slash on alcohol.
lose weight if you're overweight.
exercise regularly.
slash on caffeine.
stop smoking.
Some people with High blood pressure may also need to take 1 or more prescription to stop their blood pressure getting too high.

medicines for hypertension.
If you're diagnosed with hypertension, your doctor may recommend taking 1 or more prescription to keep it under control.

These come as tablets and usually need to be taken once a day.

Common blood pressure medicament include:

ACE inhibitors – such as enalapril, lisinopril, perindopril and ramipril.
angiotensin-2 receptor blockers (ARBs) – such as candesartan, irbesartan, losartan, valsartan and olmesartan.
calcium channel blockers – such as amlodipine, felodipine and nifedipine or diltiazem and verapamil.
diuretics – such as indapamide and bendroflumethiazide.
beta blockers – such as atenolol and bisoprolol.
alpha blockers – such as doxazosin.
other diuretics – such as amiloride and spironolactone.

The medicines recommended for you will depend on things like how high your blood pressure is, your age and your ethnicity.

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